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CSMANLTD – Super Structures London – Above Ground Construction

In construction, the superstructure is the part of a building above the ground level, playing a crucial role in defining the building’s architecture, functionality, and overall aesthetic. At CSMANLTD, we specialise in providing top-tier superstructure services in London, ensuring that every building we work on is robust, stylish, and perfectly suited to its intended use. Our comprehensive approach covers everything from design and engineering to construction and finishing, delivering superstructures that stand the test of time.

What is a Superstructure?

  1. Definition and Importance: The superstructure includes all the elements of a building above the foundation, such as the frame, floors, walls, roofs, and any architectural features. It’s essential for providing the building’s shape, support, and protection against environmental factors. A well-constructed superstructure enhances the building’s durability, safety, and visual appeal.
  2. Components of a Superstructure:
  • Frame: The skeleton of the building, usually made from steel, concrete, or timber.
  • Floors and Ceilings: These divide the building into levels and provide support for occupants and furnishings.
  • Walls: They provide structural support, insulation, and a barrier against the elements.
  • Roof: Protects the building from weather and can add aesthetic value.
  • Windows and Doors: Essential for ventilation, light, and access.

Our Superstructure Services

  1. Design and Engineering: At CSMANLTD, we start with meticulous planning and design. Our architects and engineers work closely with clients to create superstructure designs that meet their specific requirements and comply with local regulations. We use advanced design software to ensure precision and efficiency.
  2. Structural Framework: We construct the structural framework using high-quality materials like steel, concrete, and timber. Our team ensures that the framework is strong, stable, and capable of supporting the entire building’s weight.
  3. Floor and Roof Construction: Our experts handle the construction of floors and roofs, ensuring they are robust, level, and properly insulated. We offer various flooring options, including concrete slabs and suspended floors, and various roofing styles to suit different architectural preferences.
  4. Wall Construction: We build walls that provide structural support, insulation, and aesthetic value. Whether it’s load-bearing walls, partition walls, or exterior cladding, our construction methods ensure durability and energy efficiency.
  5. Windows and Doors Installation: Our team installs high-quality windows and doors that enhance the building’s functionality and appearance. We offer a range of styles and materials to suit different design preferences.
  6. Finishing Touches: We provide all necessary finishing touches to ensure your building’s superstructure is complete and ready for use. This includes plastering, painting, and installing any architectural features that add to the building’s aesthetics.

Why Choose CSMANLTD for Superstructure Services?

  1. Expertise and Experience: With years of experience in the construction industry, CSMANLTD, Our team of skilled professionals has extensive knowledge and expertise in building robust and aesthetically pleasing superstructures.
  2. Comprehensive Solutions: We offer a full range of superstructure services, from initial design to final finishing. Our comprehensive approach ensures that every aspect of your project is handled with care and precision.
  3. Customized Designs: We understand that every project is unique. Our team works closely with you to develop customized superstructure solutions that meet your specific needs and preferences. Whether you’re constructing a residential, commercial, or industrial building, we provide tailored solutions that align with your vision.
  4. Quality and Safety: At CSMANLTD, quality and safety are our top priorities. We adhere to strict quality control measures and safety protocols throughout the construction process to ensure that our superstructures are built to the highest standards of excellence and durability.
  5. Advanced Technology: We utilise the latest construction techniques and technologies to deliver superior superstructure solutions. Our state-of-the-art equipment and innovative methods ensure that your project is completed efficiently and to the highest quality.

Benefits of a Well-Constructed Superstructure

  1. Durability and Stability: A well-constructed superstructure ensures that your building is durable and stable, capable of withstanding environmental factors and everyday wear and tear.
  2. Enhanced Aesthetics: The superstructure defines the building’s appearance. Quality construction and attention to detail enhance the aesthetic appeal, making the building more attractive and valuable.
  3. Increased Property Value: A robust and aesthetically pleasing superstructure can significantly increase your property’s market value. Potential buyers and tenants are often willing to pay a premium for buildings that are well-constructed and visually appealing.
  4. Improved Energy Efficiency: Modern construction techniques and materials used in superstructure building can improve energy efficiency, reducing heating and cooling costs and making the building more environmentally friendly.

Conclusion

At CSMANLTD, we are dedicated to providing superior superstructure services in London, ensuring that every building we work on is stable, stylish, and built to last. From design and engineering to construction and finishing, our comprehensive approach guarantees exceptional results. Contact us today to learn more about our superstructure services and how we can help you achieve your construction goals with excellence and precision.

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Expert Demolition Services in London: Transforming Spaces Safely and Efficiently

When it comes to reshaping the urban landscape of London, demolition plays a crucial role. Whether it’s making way for new constructions, removing unsafe structures, or reconfiguring existing spaces, professional demolition services are essential. At CSMANLTD, we specialise in providing comprehensive demolition services for both commercial and residential projects. Our expertise ensures that each demolition project is executed safely, efficiently, and with minimal disruption.

Understanding Demolition Services

  1. What is Demolition? Demolition involves the safe and systematic dismantling of buildings and structures. This process can range from complete demolition, where the entire structure is removed, to partial demolition, which involves removing specific parts of a building. Demolition is necessary for various reasons, including redevelopment, structural instability, or reconfiguration of spaces.
  2. Types of Demolition Services: At CSMANLTD, we offer a wide range of demolition services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients:
  • Commercial Demolition: We handle demolition projects for commercial properties, including office buildings, retail spaces, warehouses, and industrial facilities. Our team ensures that the demolition is conducted efficiently, with minimal impact on surrounding areas.
  • Residential Demolition: From single-family homes to multi-story residential buildings, our residential demolition services cater to all types of housing structures. We prioritize safety and precision, ensuring that the demolition process is smooth and hassle-free.
  • Temporary Works: Temporary works involve creating temporary structures or supports during the demolition process to ensure safety and stability. This can include shoring, propping, and temporary bracing to prevent structural failures during demolition.
  • Soft Demolition: Soft demolition focuses on the removal of non-structural elements, such as interior partitions, ceilings, flooring, and fixtures. This type of demolition is often used in renovation projects where the main structure remains intact.

Why Choose CSMANLTD for Demolition Services?

  1. Expertise and Experience: With years of experience in the demolition industry, CSMANLTD has a team of skilled professionals well-versed in the latest demolition techniques and adheres to the highest standards of safety and efficiency. We manage each project from start to finish, ensuring that all aspects are handled with care and precision.
  2. Comprehensive Services: Our demolition services cover every stage of the project, from initial planning to final clearance. Our offerings include:
  • Site Assessment and Planning: We conduct a thorough assessment of the site and develop a detailed demolition plan that considers all safety, environmental, and logistical factors.
  • Obtaining Permits: We handle all necessary permits and regulatory requirements, ensuring that your demolition project complies with local laws and regulations.
  • Execution and Management: Our team manages the entire demolition process, including the use of advanced equipment and techniques to ensure efficient and safe demolition.
  • Waste Management and Recycling: We prioritize sustainable practices by managing waste responsibly and recycling materials whenever possible.
  1. Safety and Compliance: Safety is our top priority at CSMANLTD. We adhere to stringent safety protocols and industry best practices to ensure the well-being of our team, clients, and the surrounding community. Our demolition projects comply with all relevant health and safety regulations, providing peace of mind to our clients.
  2. Customized Solutions: Every demolition project is unique, and we tailor our services to meet your specific needs. Whether you require a complete demolition or selective demolition, we provide customized solutions that align with your goals and budget.

Benefits of Professional Demolition Services

  1. Efficient Project Execution: Professional demolition services ensure that your project is completed efficiently and within the stipulated timeline. Our expertise allows us to anticipate challenges and address them proactively, minimizing delays and disruptions.
  2. Enhanced Safety: By entrusting your demolition project to professionals, you ensure that all safety measures are in place. Our team is trained to handle hazardous materials and navigate complex demolition scenarios, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries.
  3. Cost-Effective Solutions: Professional demolition services can save you money in the long run by preventing costly mistakes and ensuring that the project is completed correctly the first time. Our efficient processes and waste management practices also contribute to cost savings.

Conclusion

At CSMANLTD, we are dedicated to providing top-tier demolition services in London, transforming spaces with precision and care. Whether you’re undertaking a commercial redevelopment, a residential renovation, or need temporary works, our team has the expertise to deliver exceptional results. Contact us today to learn more about our demolition services and how we can help you achieve your construction goals safely and efficiently.

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Maximizing Your Home’s Potential with Basement Construction in London

In the bustling city of London, where space is at a premium, homeowners are increasingly turning to basement construction as a solution for expanding their living areas. Whether you’re considering an under-house basement construction or transforming an existing basement, this innovative approach can significantly enhance your property’s value and functionality. At CSMANLTD, we specialise in providing top-notch basement construction services tailored to meet the unique needs of London homeowners.

Why Choose Basement Construction?

  1. Optimal Space Utilization: One of the primary reasons homeowners opt for basement construction is the efficient use of space. In a city where every square foot counts, creating a basement allows you to add substantial living space without altering the exterior footprint of your property. This is particularly beneficial in densely populated areas where expanding outwards is not an option.
  2. Increased Property Value: A well-designed basement can significantly boost your property’s market value. Potential buyers often view additional space as a valuable asset, whether it’s used for an extra bedroom, home office, gym, or entertainment area. By investing in basement construction, you’re not only enhancing your living experience but also making a smart financial decision.
  3. Customised Living Areas: Basement construction offers the flexibility to create spaces that cater specifically to your lifestyle needs. From luxurious home cinemas and wine cellars to practical utility rooms and guest suites, the possibilities are endless. Our team at CSMANLTD works closely with you to design and build a basement that perfectly aligns with your vision.

The CSMANLTD Advantage

  1. Expertise and Experience: With years of experience in the industry, CSMANLTD is a trusted name in basement construction in London. Our skilled professionals are well-versed in the latest construction techniques and adhere to the highest standards of quality and safety. We handle every aspect of the project, from initial planning and design to construction and finishing touches.
  2. Comprehensive Services: At CSMANLTD, we offer a comprehensive range of services to ensure a seamless construction process. Our offerings include:
  • Initial Consultation and Planning: We begin with a thorough assessment of your property and discuss your specific requirements and preferences.
  • Design and Architecture: Our expert designers create detailed plans and architectural drawings that align with your vision and comply with local regulations.
  • Construction and Project Management: We manage the entire construction process, ensuring timely completion and minimal disruption to your daily life.
  • Finishing and Customisation: From flooring and lighting to bespoke fittings, we handle all the finishing touches to create a polished and functional space.

3. Tailored Solutions: We understand that every homeowner’s needs are unique. That’s why we offer tailored solutions that cater to your specific requirements. Whether you’re looking to create a cozy family room or a state-of-the-art home gym, we ensure that your basement construction project is customised to meet your exact needs.

Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Solutions

At CSM Ltd., we prioritise sustainability and energy efficiency in all our projects. We use high-quality, eco-friendly materials and incorporate energy-efficient systems to reduce your home’s carbon footprint. Our commitment to sustainability not only benefits the environment but also helps you save on energy costs in the long run.

Conclusion

Basement construction is a smart and innovative way to maximise your home’s potential in London. By choosing CSMANLTD, you’re partnering with a team of experienced professionals dedicated to delivering exceptional results. Whether you’re looking to create additional living space, increase your property’s value, or design a customised area that suits your lifestyle, we have the expertise to bring your vision to life. Contact us today to explore the endless possibilities of basement construction and start your journey towards a more spacious and functional home.

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Basement Construction London – What You Need to Know 

Basement Construction London: Adding extra living space to your home can be a great way to increase its value and make it more appealing to potential buyers. But, with space at a premium in London, it’s important to consider all of your options before you start construction. 

Many people in London choose to build basements in their homes, which are useful for a wide range of purposes. 

Underpinning basement construction 

Underpinning basement construction: In many homes today it is common to find a basement that has been designed, either during construction or at a later point by the owners, to function as a fully functional addition to the home. In some cases, the basement is used as a recreation room, while in others it may contain a bedroom or two (especially for teenagers), a bathroom, a kitchenette and one or more closets. 

The most important factor in determining whether your basement requires underpinning is a structural inspection. If you notice cracks in the foundation walls that are wider than a quarter inch, diagonal cracks, or movement of the building from its original position, then it is time to call in an expert. In most cases, underpinning will be necessary to correct faulty or unstable foundations. 

This process involves digging out sections of the existing foundations and filling them with concrete, or using piles driven into the ground to transfer load to deeper supporting soil. It is a highly specialist operation and should only be undertaken by an experienced contractor. 

Another benefit of underpinning is that it creates more headroom, making it possible to install better lighting fixtures. This in turn allows more natural light into the basement. In addition, homeowners are able to access the mechanics of their basement such as plumbing and insulation works, giving them the opportunity to repair any problems. 

Garden Basement Construction 

Creating extra space in your home can be a challenging task. But with the right basement construction contractor, your project can become a reality. Look for contractors that are reputable and have experience in the industry. You should also choose a company that offers competitive pricing. They should provide clear, detailed estimates and timelines to complete your project. Additionally, they should be willing to answer any questions you may have. 

The cost of Garden Basement Construction depends on the size and depth of the basement. To minimize costs, opt for a simple design and avoid constructing basements that will require extensive excavation work. It is also important to select the correct materials for your project. For example, choosing vinyl or laminate flooring will help you save money compared to more expensive options. 

Before beginning the construction of your basement, consult with your local council about their policies on basement extensions. The stance of each council will vary, but some will allow you to build a basement without planning permission, while others may require that you submit a full application. 

If you need to submit a full application, make sure that you follow all of the guidelines carefully. Additionally, it is essential to service a Party Wall Notice before starting construction work to ensure that your neighbours are aware of the work being carried out. 

Basement Construction London 

When it comes to basement construction in London, there are a number of things that need to be considered. For instance, you’ll want to make sure that you hire a contractor with the right experience and expertise. You’ll also want to choose a contractor that has good references and a proven track record. Finally, you’ll want to make sure that the contractor is licensed and insured. 

One of the best ways to get a quote for your basement is to contact a specialist construction company. These companies have the knowledge and expertise to create a basement that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. They can also help you make sure that your basement is in compliance with local codes and regulations. 

Another important step is to consult with a structural engineer. This expert will design the basement shell and core. They will take into account all the survey information available and your project requirements. They will also create a detailed schedule and plan for the construction process. This will ensure that your basement is built to the highest standards. 

Finally, it’s a good idea to consult with your neighbours before starting any basement excavations. This will prevent them from being surprised by diggers and jackhammers on their doorstep. It’s also a good idea to warn them that the work may cause some noise and disruption, and to explain how they can mitigate this. 

Until recently, London’s boroughs had little in the way of regulatory guidance to shape and control residential basement construction. Some had a specific policy in place, but most did not. The result was a wave of excavations. 

It was a trend that made headlines with stories of noise complaints, vibration, and even subsidence caused by retaining wall piling operations and basement excavation. But even as the stories rolled in, the excavations continued. 

There were even reports of entombed JCBs left underneath oligarch’s homes because it was too risky and expensive to lift them out (although we think there might be a metaphor in there somewhere). The media seemed to get in on the action, publishing articles like How to pull off a stunning three-storey basement extension or drooling over Gordon Ramsay’s PS7m renovation. 

But there were also plenty of people who were irked by the disruption and expense. Some complained about their ‘selfish’ neighbours who were digging down below their properties while they worked, causing them to be constantly disturbed by noise and dust. Others blamed the basement works for their own structural problems, such as a subsidence claim by one celebrity. 

But the fact is, there are ways to minimise the impact on your neighbours and still get those amazing extra rooms you want. The key is to do your homework and talk to your neighbours before you start work, as well as to understand how much the addition will add to your property in terms of additional square metres. 

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Alternative segment lift for HS2’s Colne Valley Viaduct minimises local disruption

Construction of High Speed 2’s (HS2’s) 3.4km long Colne Valley Viaduct has reached a major milestone with a key 40m long span lifted into place over a local road during a three week closure of the route.

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Marathon’ bridge build completed on HS2

Contractors on HS2 have completed a ‘marathon’ bridge build at Streethay near Lichfield involving 18 specialist construction companies.

 

 

Work involved excavating 14,000 tonnes of earth, building a 140 metre retaining wall and moving a 2,600 tonne bridge deck 130 metres into place under the South Staffordshire freight railway.

The work was carried out during a 10 week blockade. It was completed by HS2’s civils contractor in the West Midlands, Balfour Beatty VINCI, and designers Mott MacDonald as part of a Design Joint Venture with SYSTRA (MMSDJV), together with teams from 18 specialist supply chain companies.

At the end of July, the 2,600 tonne bridge deck, which had been cast on land adjacent to the railway was moved 130 metres into position using self-propelled modular transporters.

Since then, each side of the bridge was backfilled, the rail tracks were reinstated, with the railway line was successfully handed back to Network Rail last week and now reopened.

The 25 metres long and 18 metres wide Streethay overbridge sits within HS2’s Streethay cutting and will enable HS2 trains to travel under the existing railway between Birmingham and Crewe.

Through design development, Mott MacDonald engineers were able to reduce the total length of wall structures for the railway at Streethay from 1.6 kilometres to 420 metres, meaning 80% less concrete is needed – saving around 420,000 tonnes of carbon, supporting HS2’s ambition to cut carbon on the project.

The Streethay bridge sits on top of the larger 420 metre long retaining wall structure which will have two additional bridges crossing it – the south bound A38 slip road bridge, and the Rykneld Bridge which carries the A38 north bound slip road and the A38 north and south bound carriageway.

At its peak, over 150 people worked on the complex construction operation, with teams from 18 specialist companies, delivering design, surveys, piling works, bridge build, concrete pouring, crane operations, reinforcements, modular transportation, track and systems removal and reinstatement.

The work was delivered in parallel to the construction of the nearby Fulfen Wood bridge, which involved moving a giant 6,200 tonne single span structure under the West Coast Main Line – the UK’s heaviest drive to install an intersection bridge.

David Millar, Rail Interface Manager at Balfour Beatty VINCI said: “The successful delivery of this complex and challenging piece of engineering near Lichfield is another proud moment for Balfour Beatty VINCI on the HS2 project.

“It’s only been possible thanks to the skill, dedication and support shown by the project team over the past few years, including our supply chain. Together, we’ve had to work around existing transport infrastructure, including the South Staffordshire freight railway and the A38, making this achievement even more rewarding.”

Prior to the railway blockade, retaining walls were installed on either side of the railway, enabling the areas to be excavated. The bridge deck was constructed on land adjacent to the existing railway, 130 metres from its final position.

Once the railway was closed to freight trains, the track and embankment were removed. Bachy Soletanche Balfour Beatty Ground Engineering joint venture then installed an additional 76 secant piles measuring 1.3 metres diameter and 30 metres deep, linking to the piles they installed prior to the blockade, to create two retaining walls which act as the walls for the bridge.

A concrete capping beam was installed over the retaining walls, then the bridge was moved into place using self-propelled modular transporters with 344 wheels. Concrete was poured to attach the deck to the capping beam, the embankment was back filled using 2,500 tonnes of structural backfill, on either side of the bridge, before the railway line was reinstated.

The 18 companies which delivered the project were:

J. Murphy & Sons constructed the bridge deck and the concrete elements during the blockade
Bachy Soletanche Balfour Beatty Ground Engineering JV (SB3) undertook all piling works, both before and during the blockade
The bridge parapets were made by Explore precast
Podtrak and RSS Infrastructure delivered rail systems work
Balfour Beatty VINCI delivered earthworks
Pile break-down was by Pile Breaking Systems UK Ltd
Trackway supplied by TPA
Jacking the structure and modular transportation by Mammoet UK
Survey works track monitoring by Aecom
Crane supply by King Lifting supported by BBV lifting teams
Concrete provided by CEMEX
Reinforcement by ROM – specialist reinforcement manufacturers
Temporary works by RMD
Permanent works design by Design JV (Mott Macdonald and Systra)
Temporary works design by Taylor Woodrow

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Meet the company using discarded oyster shells to cut energy costs and keep France’s buildings cool

Cool Roof France has found an innovative way to use the 130,000 tonnes of waste oysters produced every year in France.

As heat waves continue to scorch Europe, many of us are looking for cheap and innovative ways to keep our homes or workplaces cool.

While air conditioning often proves effective, its environmental cost contributes further to the climate crisis.

So what if we look into the past and to other parts of the world for inspiration and startpainting our roofs white?

“This technology is just pretty old actually, but this is quite innovative to make it so technical,” says Julien Martin Cocher, deputy CEO of Cool Roof France.
But does having a white roof really make a building cooler?

What is oyster shell roof paint?

Cool Roof France (CRF) is on a mission toreduce the ambient temperature inside buildingsin a sustainable and cost effective way.

Traditional paint is made up of calcium, solvent and water.

“The oyster was at the beginning just to use a waste that we are finding quite easily in the west part of France and to replace this calcium that we are usually finding [in paint],” Julien explains.

Its innovative team of scientists soon discovered that the oyster shell maximises the paint’s performance and makes it more durable.

Can white paint make my home cooler?

CRF’s oyster-enriched, thermo-reflective roof paint is applied in three layers. The first two layers make it a durable product which will last for around 20 years.

By adding the third layer, the paint is able to reflect 90 per cent of the sun’s rays away from a building.

This results in an average temperature reduction of six to seven degrees Celsius.

“Usually companies areusing ACand when they are using AC, that means that if we are lowering the temperature, we manage toreduce the AC use.

“By reducing the use, we are also dropping down the energy consumption for the AC,” Julien adds.

“So that means, when we are getting minus six, minus seven degrees Celsius we manage to demonstrate that we are getting between30 to 50 per cent less energy consumption, which is huge.”

Cool Roof France has already painted many shop, hospital and office roofs and the results are astounding.

In France, the company has worked closely with the police and government to paint the roof of a sniffer dog handling unit. The ambient temperature of the building was reduced by 10 degrees Celsius.

Last year, schools across Europe wereforced to close because it was too hotfor the children to be inside.

“We shouldn’t fall into this kind of situation,” Julien says.

“We have 1 billion AC (air conditioning units) today. We estimate that we may get 5 billion in 2050.AC is a solution that is making some cold inside the building by making some hot outside.So we are all impacted by this kind of crazy solution.

“Today with a white paint, this is super smart and so easy to implement.”

Can I paint my own roof white with Cool Roof France?

Currently, Cool Roof France mainly works with businesses, schools and hospitals to reduce the temperature inside buildings filled with hundreds of people.

Its staff are able to paint the roof of an office building much quicker than the same area across multiple homes.

By painting many large roof areas white in an urban environment it helps to fight against theurban heat island effect. This is whencities suffer from much higher temperaturesas the heat is contained by tall buildings and large amounts of asphalt. Cooling down bigger buildings can help reduce the overall temperature of a city or town.

But fear not, if you do like the idea of a white roof for your home (and have a love of DIY), CRF also sells its thermo-reflective roof paint via its site.

Using white paint for good around the world

With every building they paint, Cool Roof France monitors and evaluates its product’s performance. It is constantly innovating when it comes to paint.

The company also uses 10 per cent of its profits to help fund projects to support people living in heat vulnerable areas.

“Last year we went to Senegal, painting 30,000 square metres of buildings, schools, hospitals, individual houses and just to help people because this is part of our DNA,” says Julien.

“We just want to make sure that we are going beyond because today we are all suffering from thesedaily heatwaves.”

Watch the video above to learn more about this innovative roof paint.

 

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FIRST LOOK FCBS completes makeover of world’s first iron-framed building

Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios has adapted the Grade I-listed Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings into a £28 million social enterprise hub for Historic England after first being engaged on the project nearly 20 years ago

The Grade I-listed Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings was built in 1797 and was the world’s first iron-framed building, a technology developed to give better fire protection.

For nearly a century the site operated as a steam-powered flax mill and was later converted into maltings. During the Second World War the site was used as a temporary military barracks. Following the closure of the maltings in 1987, the future of the site was uncertain before it was bought by Historic England in 2005.

Historic England made it a flagship heritage regeneration project and the former maltings has been gently adapted into a workspace, leisure destination and social enterprise hub.

The project has also introduced a new ground-floor teaching space, which tells the story of the mill’s role in the industrial revolution and world architecture, alongside a café. Above, four floors of offices provide workspaces for 360 people, circulation and meeting space within the former kiln for commercial tenants, as well as access for visitor tours to the restored Jubilee Tower.

The cast iron frame, which had suffered cracking due to settlement and was under-engineered to today’s standards, has been reinforced by strengthening the masonry around the existing iron to enable it to act as an alternative load path in the event of failure. The entire frame has been put back to work through the addition of a hidden steel grillage and six new columns at ground floor level.

Putting the building back to work required comprehensive repairs to the existing fabric and insertion of new core facilities. A light-touch conservation approach was employed to preserve its character.

The pyramidal Malt Kiln, which has many level changes internally, has been converted into a new entrance. This has been left unheated to reduce energy use.

A total of 110 former windows have been reopened. This move, and refitting with new metal windows with high-performance solar glazing, reintroduces natural light and ventilation.

Thermal upgrading of the existing solid masonry walls was researched through on-site trials and hygrothermal modelling. As a result, wood fibre insulation was used to reduce heating costs.

The name ‘Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings’, painted in 2m-high lettering across 50m of the principal elevation, was chosen by the community following local consultations.

A heritage skills programme was delivered during the construction works, using the site as a space for learning.

Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios has been working on the project as strategic advisers and architect to Historic England and Shropshire Council since 2003. The scheme won initial planning in 2010. In 2012, the redevelopment (initially costing £52 million) won Heritage Lottery Fund backing.

Client’s view
The commitment, design creativity and attention to detail from FCBS has been impressive throughout the project. Working in close collaboration with Historic England, FCBS has delivered a fine, conservation-led solution. There is now a real sense of pride, and a positive future ahead.
Duncan Wilson, chief executive, Historic England

Project data

Location Shrewsbury
Completion September 2022
Gross internal floor area 5,596m²
Net internal area 4,181m²
Construction cost £28 million
Architect Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
Client Historic England
Project manager Historic England
Structural and civil engineer AKT II
Mechanical and electrical engineer E3 Consulting Engineers
Landscape architect LT Studio
Quantity surveyor Gleeds
Archaeology University of Salford
Ecology Middlemarch
Catering Cooper 8
Acoustics ION Acoustics
Main contractor Croft Building and Conservation
Embodied carbon New build elements 113 kgCO2e/m² (retained elements kept 886.4 tCO2e)
Predicted annual energy use 136 kWh/m²

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Common Household Waste Product Can Make Concrete 30 Percent Stronger

The potential here is massive and could make civil construction significantly greener.

The use of fine sand in concrete is expensive and unsustainable, but researchers in Australia have found an ingenious solution that is far greener and most of us have it in our houses.
Image credit: ungvar/Shutterstock. 

Researchers in Australia have used spent coffee grounds to make concrete 30 percent stronger. Simply by replacing a percentage of sand with waste coffee, something common to many households, it is possible to make construction more efficient and greener. 

As a household item, coffee grounds are everywhere. It is currently estimated that around 60 million tons are produced across the world each year, most of which is simply thrown away. That’s a lot of waste, and it contributes to the production of methane gas when it ends up in landfills, which contributes to the ongoing climate crisis. There is therefore a need to develop new recycling solutions that can help address the accumulation of this waste. That’s where the work of the team from RMIT University comes into play. 

“The inspiration for our work was to find an innovative way of using the large amounts of coffee waste in construction projects rather than going to landfills – to give coffee a ‘double shot’ at life,” lead author Dr Rajeev Roychand, a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at RMIT, said in a statement.

Because spent coffee consists of fine particles, they were proposed as useful resources for civil and commercial applications. To test the idea, the team collected spent coffee grounds from cafes in Melbourne, Australia, and then dried them. The coffee was then heated through a process called “pyrolysis”, which involves heating organic material, such as a biomass, in the absence of oxygen. This turned the coffee grounds into biochar.

The team then designed 12 mixes to compare the effects the grounds had when made into concrete. This consisted of spent grounds that were untreated (raw), and grounds that were heated to 350°C (662°F) or 500°C (932°F), respectively. These different products were then added to Portland cement at different percentages volumes (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent volume) as a replacement for sand. 

The concrete is then molded and cured at room temperature for 24 hours before being demolded and cured in water tanks to be tested for its compressive strength (to see how far it can be stressed before it fractures) and performance potential. This mix was then analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). 

The results show that a mix consisting of 15 percent pyrolyzed grounds at 350°C significantly improved the structural properties of concrete – around 29.3 percent improvement in compressive strength. 

More work needs to be done to continue developing and testing this method, but it is already showing promise and gaining interest. 

“Several councils that are battling with the disposal of organic waste have shown interest in our work”, Roychand added.  

“They have already engaged us for their upcoming infrastructure projects incorporating pyrolysed forms of different organic wastes.”

A wakeup call for the construction industry

According to the joint lead author, Dr Shannon Kilmartin-Lynch, a Vice-Chancellor’s Indigenous Postdoctoral Research Fellow at RMIT, the results of this study have significant implications for the construction industry across the world. 

“Inspiration for my research, from an Indigenous perspective, involves Caring for Country, ensuring there’s a sustainable life cycle for all materials and avoiding things going into landfill to minimise the impact on the environment,” Kilmartin-Lynch explained.

“The concrete industry has the potential to contribute significantly to increasing the recycling of organic waste such as used coffee.

“Our research is in the early stages, but these exciting findings offer an innovative way to greatly reduce the amount of organic waste that goes to landfill.”

Importantly, the use of biochar in construction projects will relax pressure on the need for fine sand, which is a scares resource across the world. Sand is among the most extracted solid materials on the planet and the second most used resource after water. Moreover, the continued extraction of sand is extremely harmful to the environment.

“The ongoing extraction of natural sand around the world – typically taken from river beds and banks – to meet the rapidly growing demands of the construction industry has a big impact on the environment,” team leader Professor Jie Li explained.

“With a circular-economy approach, we could keep organic waste out of landfill and also better preserve our natural resources like sand.”

The study was published in the Journal of Cleaner Production.

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HS2 will bury two Tunnel Boring Machines at Old Oak Common

Two of HS2’s large tunnel boring machines are to be buried into the site at Old Oak Common next year so they can wait there until a decision is taken about how to build Euston station.

The two tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are needed to dig the two railway tunnels linking Old Oak Common to Euston, but when construction of Euston station was paused earlier this year, there was also the decision taken to delay the two connecting tunnels as well.

Although there’s no practical reason that delaying the Euston station build would require the two connecting tunnels to be delayed, with Euston station effectively on lockdown at the moment it would require the station site to be partially reopened to allow the tunnel portals to be constructed for the TBMs to arrive.

HS2 has also said that delaying work on the Old Oak Common to Euston station tunnels allows them to focus on the section up to Birmingham. There’s also a vanishingly tiny chance that the tunnel’s alignment could be changed to meet up with a redesigned Euston station.

So the two tunnels are also on hold, but to reduce disruption when the two tunnels do start being built, HS2 will drop the two tunnel boring machines into position at the eastern end of Old Oak Common station in readiness for when they are needed.

The two tunnels were expected to start being constructed next year, and as there’s a long lead time on ordering the TBMs, they will be arriving anyway, and installing them into the underground chamber where they will be needed also reduces the headache of storing them somewhere else and then assembling them later.

Placing the TBMs in situ also avoids disrupting Great Western mainline railway in the future, as it will widened as part of the station build, and happens to be running over the top of where the underground chamber needs to be built.

Although it sounds like a major intervention in the plans, and while it is unusual to put a TBM in the ground and leave it there, it’s not unusual to build empty concrete boxes in the ground years, or even decades before they’re needed.

When the Elizabeth line was being built, it made use of the Moor House shaft which was built in 2004 specifically for Crossrail, even before Crossrail was given approval in 2008. There’s also a space under an office block in Victoria ready for when Crossrail 2 opens, and plenty of other examples of holes in the ground being built long before they are needed. All because it’s considerably easier and cheaper to build them early and leave them empty than build them later*, and if they aren’t needed, then there’s a large empty space that will find a commercial use anyway.

The government has committed to opening the extension to Euston, so the TBMs will be switched on. Eventually.

Meanwhile, work carries on to complete Old Oak Common station, with six platforms for HS2 trains and eight at the surface for mainline and Elizabeth line services. Also, an ex-Crossrail tunnel boring machine is about to start digging a tunnel next to the station so that spoil removal and deliveries can arrive without using the roads. Although always required, the logistics tunnel will have added value when the Euston tunnel works start as they will be able to minimise the disturbance to the fit out of the Old Oak Common station.

When Old Oak Common station opens in 2029-33, as it will be the terminus, it’s expected a large percentage of HS2 customers will switch to the Elizabeth line, and TfL is in discussions with the government to secure orders for additional Elizabeth line trains to cope with the large influx of extra passengers.

The date that a modified Euston station will eventually open is not known, but it’s now not expected to be until 2040 at the earliest.

I could add that building the structure for an 11-platform station at Euston and leaving a third of it empty would be a lot cheaper than building a 7-platform station in full and then trying to bolt on a few extra platforms later.

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